Writing critically about theory or models

Critical reading about a theory or model

A theory is a system of ideas that tries to explain something. It's usually based on general principles independent of the phenomenon (thing) being explained. Theory also refers to a body of ideas or a set of principles on which the practice of an activity is based such as a theory of education, or a theory of marketing.

A model is a graphical, mathematical (symbolic), physical, or verbal representation or simplified version of a concept, phenomenon, relationship, structure, system, or an aspect of the real world. It's used to help understand complex real-world phenomena.

When reading about a theory or a model, find out:

  1. What are the origins of the theory/model?
    • What issue does it seek to explain?
    • Who developed the theory/model?
    • What are its origins? Did it develop out of another model or theory?
    • How has it changed/evolved over time?
    • What are the principles on which it is based?
  2. What are the strengths of this theory or model for understanding the topic?
    • What new explanations/insights does it offer?
    • What contribution does it make to the understanding of the issue?
  3. What are the key criticisms of the theory or model?
    • What are its limitations and/or gaps?
  4. What other theory or model may be important in understanding this issue? Is this theory or model more, less or equally important in improving the understanding of the issue?
  5. So what?
    • In what way is this theory or model relevant to my assignment?
    • What are the implications of this theory or model for practice?
    • How can it be applied usefully to enhance practice?